The influence that the rise of urban realms exerts on urban morphology is widespread: once a realm emerged, there will be a very strong tendency for each of those realms to have examples of all of the major land uses, even those that in the era of the single-centered city were located at a single place within the metropolitan city. The outward shift of wholesaling and manufacturing served, along with retailing and office functions, to provide that employment (Vance, 1990). In addition, job displacement resulted and employment had to be available in outlying bands in order to serve the limited resources of all growing metropolitan areas. As cities grew, transportation and accessibility to the traditional Central Business district was no longer feasible or practical. Certainly, to permit realms to come into existence, with their wide range of activities sufficient to permit enclosure within a boundary of a daily action system, there had to be a dispersal of formerly central-area functions like specialized high-end shopping or financial services. INTRODUCTION Basically, the urban realm is the geographical unit of daily living. Key words Istanbul, Transportation, Urban realms model, Urban geography. In this paper, the urban realms model is employed as an analytical framework for Istanbul. Human behavior, transportation initiatives, and governmental policy have all been instrumental in their effect on the urban morphology of Istanbul. Istanbul is unique because its urbanization rate is higher than almost anywhere else in the world. There will always be a turning to other realms for some purposes by those living or working near the boundaries between realms. In the urban realms model, these urban realms are large selfcontained areas: within which a mix of land uses is such that daily life can be carried on without normal resort to external locations in other realms. Urban realms model provides this descriptive and interpretive framework and replaces the models used to address the characteristically single-centered metropolis of prewar decades. Mehmet KARAKUYU Geography Department Fatih University 34500 BüyükçekmeceIstanbul, Turkey e-mail: Abstract The sprawling masses of cities like Los Angeles, Chicago and Istanbul, driven by car-culture, need a model that accounts for the car, mass transportation and, in Istanbul’s case, marine links. APPLICATION OF THE URBAN REALMS MODEL TO ISTANBUL Dr.
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